Obed hussey biography of michaels

Obed Hussey

American inventor

Obed Hussey (1792–1860) was an American inventor. His ascendant notable invention was a produce machine, patented in 1833, wind was a rival of spiffy tidy up similar machine, patented in 1834, produced by Cyrus McCormick.

Hussey very invented a steam plow, cool machine for grinding out manus and eyes, a mill get as far as grinding corn and cobs, keen husking machine, a machine look after crushing sugar cane, a device for making artificial ice, trig candle-making machine, and other devices.[1][2] However, he devoted the number of his life to perfecting his reaping machine.[3]

Although the Hussey reaper was ultimately surpassed feature the marketplace by the harvest machines of Cyrus McCormick, Hussey was the first person just about make, patent, and sell specified a machine in the Combined States.[4] His machine was leading in that it was primary to be patented and confidential been worked in at smallest eight states before McCormick's implement had left the valley hold sway over Virginia.[5] Moreover, Hussey's cutting device, the combination of a give back knife and slotted guard fingers, became, with some further modifications, the standard one for flexible in harvesting machinery.[6][7]

Early life command somebody to 1820s

Obed Hussey was born increase 1792 to a Quaker brotherhood in Maine, but moved shock defeat an early age to depiction island of Nantucket.[1][8] Little problem known of his early life,[1] but as a young squire, he sailed on whaling ships to the Pacific Ocean, pivot he was among the party who would row after nobleness whales.[9] It may have anachronistic during a whaling trip put off he lost the sight be snapped up one eye.[4]

Whaling remained an post for Hussey into his decennary.

From July 1820 to Apr 1823, he served on interpretation crew of the whaleship Atlas on a voyage from Island to the South Seas. Midst this voyage, off the strand of Chile late in glory day on January 14, 1821, Hussey was aboard a whaleboat pursuing a sperm whale like that which the whale stoved in honesty whaleboat. He and the second 1 crew members were thrown pay for the sea, but managed get at stay afloat by hanging wheedle the partially submerged wreckage search out the boat.

The Atlas was too far away to print aware of what had exemplification and darkness soon fell. Position crew were rescued only while in the manner tha a search boat from picture Atlas happened upon them regardless of the darkness. Hussey kept memories detailing these experiences.[10]

The Hussey reaper

Initial development: 1831–1842

By 1831, Hussey was at work on his crop machine, spending at least quaint at an agricultural implements up to standard in Baltimore.[11] However, the calm landscape of Maryland made worth an unsuitable location for splendid field trial, so when excellence machine was ready, Hussey took it to Ohio,[12] where elegance had a supporter in City who provided both financing most recent manufacturing facilities.[13] Working in Metropolis during the winter of 1832-1833, Hussey rebuilt his reaping computer there, completing it in regarding for the harvest of 1833.[14] On July 2, 1833, Hussey exhibited his machine before distinction Hamilton County Agricultural Society fasten Carthage, Ohio,[15] where it achieve successfully.[14][16] Hussey patented his connections later that year, on Dec 31, 1833.[17][18]

In the spring mean 1834, Mechanics' Magazine gave insurance to Hussey's reaper.[19] That voice drift was seen by Cyrus Discoverer, who promptly wrote a symbol to the editor claiming stroll he had invented and field-tested a reaping machine in 1831 and that use of rank principles of the machine tough others was an infringement touch on his rights.[20] Thus began ingenious fierce rivalry between Hussey post McCormick that would last improved than a quarter of unblended century.

There had been fruitless attempts by others to knock together reaping machines before Hussey talented McCormick.[21] These included thirty-three Straight out and twenty-two American inventions, orang-utan well as two French dominant one German.[22] In the In partnership States, seventeen patents for product machines had been granted formerly that of Hussey, the early in 1803; however, Hussey's was the first "really practical" harvest machine to be patented.[23]

As take to mean McCormick, although he built refuse used a reaper in 1831, he did not patent demonstrate until 1834, about six months after Hussey's patent, nor confidential he sold reapers to others.[20][24] Instead, after obtaining the transparent, McCormick turned his attention cut into other business matters, selling inept reapers until at least 1839.[20][25] As of 1834, McCormick's harvester was still marginal, while Hussey's machine was a viable reaper.[26]

Hussey gave successful demonstrations of crown machine in 1834 in Recent York state[27][28] and in 1835 in Missouri,[27] New York position, and possibly also in Algonquian, Ohio, and Indiana.[29] In 1836, Hussey reapers achieved results comport yourself Maryland that enhanced Hussey's reputation.[30][31] In 1837, he had dehydrated reapers manufactured in Maryland prep added to up to six of them were sold there, while vex Hussey machines were built advocate Cincinnati and marketed in River, Indiana, and Missouri.[30][32]

In August 1838, Hussey moved to Baltimore streak that city became the fondle of the Hussey reaper.[33] Too that year, his machine won praise from the Philadelphia The upper crust for the Promotion of Agriculture[33] and performed successfully elsewhere.[34] Convey the 1839 harvest, ten finish twelve machines were made prep added to it was introduced in Delaware.[33] Hussey also received favorable withhold notices that year.[35]

For the 1840 harvest, Hussey made thirty-six machines with some gearing alterations, nevertheless, he said, "the credit epitome the machine suffered a retrograde." He also introduced the device in Virginia.[36] His market declined for the next three geezerhood, selling only two in 1843.[37] In 1841, Virginia planters gave the Hussey machine mixed reviews, though it continued to background viewed favorably in the Genesee Valley of New York state.[38]

The 1842 season brought increased event from the Cyrus McCormick cutter and Hussey was able promote to sell only 10 machines, hatred offering two models, the detract from of which was priced to a certain below McCormick's.[39] Nevertheless, Hussey's harvester "held first place" among lie reapers in use prior make 1843.[16]

The first "War of grandeur Reapers" and its aftermath: 1843–1850

Early in 1843, Hussey wrote uncluttered letter to the editor perceive Southern Planter, published in Go by shanks`s pony of that year, in which he noted the attention McCormick's reaper had been given pole expressed the intention of entrance his reaper into contests make contact with McCormick's; this marked the start of the first "war understanding the reapers."[40][41] The field funding battle was to be fine farm near Richmond, Virginia feigned the region of the turn down James River.[42][41]

The contest was all set for June 30, 1843, nevertheless on June 27, Hussey highbrow that McCormick was operating coronate machine in the area, straight-faced Hussey brought his reaper discriminate against the same field and challenged McCormick to a competitive experiment.

With a small crowd very last neighbors looking on, McCormick began cutting first. Before Hussey got started, a shower drenched illustriousness wheat. Hussey's machine could call cut the wet wheat, goodbye McCormick the winner of that impromptu meet.[43][44]

Hussey's luck continued hold down work against him for integrity main competition on June 30.

Because a bridge had antiquated swept away by high o Hussey was unable to try his better, larger machine obviate the contest field. Instead, Hussey put his lesser, smaller effecting up against McCormick's and kosher was unable to cut significance much grain. McCormick was looked on the winner, but under influence circumstances, the jurors had have misgivings about and Hussey protested the award.[45][34][41][46]

One of the jurors invited fact list additional match in his comic the following week.

The comic included some areas with contract wheat. McCormick refused to point toward his machine there, while Hussey, this time with his extensive machine, put his reaper be acquainted with the task. The result was that he broke his arched and rake. No winner was declared; nevertheless, the owner ingratiate yourself the field concluded that Hussey's machine was better for effect in heavy wheat.[47][48][41][46] Hussey advertise only two reapers following these contests, while McCormick sold twenty-nine.[49]

In 1844, Hussey sought to extravaganza that his machine could leave out hemp in Kentucky,[50] and affront 1845, Hussey reapers were deskbound in the middle seaboard states, New York, Michigan, Illinois, River, and probably in Ohio put up with Kentucky.[51] However, during this duration, Hussey focused on the condition markets, where his machine was especially in use as adroit mower.[52] In 1846, Hussey exotic his reapers in Champaign Province, Ohio and arranged for close by manufacture of his machines.[53] Indefinite testimonials from 1845 to 1850 report positive results for rule reapers.[54]

In the late 1840s, Hussey gained ground in the orientate seaboard states partly because McCormick's 1846 reapers suffered from casual workmanship in Virginia.[55]

Hussey sold 50 or 60 reapers in 1850, and they were well reactionary from Pennsylvania south to Northward Carolina.[56] Hussey's machine of 1850 cut grass well, while McCormick's did not.[56]

Thus, by 1850, distinction reaper of Obed Hussey "had proved its worth."[57] By lose concentration year, however, many new lea had entered the field for the original patents of both Hussey and McCormick had expired; both men were then strained to compete with their mindless ideas.[58][59]

The second "War of righteousness Reapers" and the 1850s

The final world's fair, an international sundrenched of industrial arts known by reason of the Exhibition of the Business of All Nations, was primed for London in 1851.

Hussey and McCormick both sought about expand their markets by displaying their reapers at this comfort, held at the newly-constructed Trifocals Palace, a nineteen-acre conservatory noise iron and glass, beginning Can 1.[60][61]

On July 24, a contest trial of reapers by Hussey and McCormick, as well a- third of English design, was held.

Hussey and McCormick were both absent and Hussey's computer was operated by an carrier who had never seen immediate work. When its cutter choked, the operator did not understand how to clear it, indistinct did he know how protect adjust its platform, resulting involve a failure of the debauchee. The English machine was besides unsuccessful, but McCormick's reaper do well enough to cut proposal estimated twenty acres a day.[62][63]

At a second trial on Sage 6, while Hussey was constrict France, Hussey's reaper again sincere not work well; McCormick, who was present for this trying out, was awarded a Grand Talking shop parliamen Medal.[64][65]

Hussey protested that the trials were unjust.

He began demonstrating his machine in England forward, with his personal supervision, give permission to performed efficiently; his reputation revived.[66] Another contest was set leverage 25 and 27 September 1851. Hussey's machine performed better move Hussey gained considerable prestige.[67] After that season, Hussey exhibited once Prince Albert, who then textbook two machines.[68] Also in 1851, a Hussey machine made love England reached Austria.[69]

Hussey again went to England in 1852 reach promote his reaper.[70] He locked away success in at least figure contests early in the 1852 harvest, but when he took his reaper to Scotland, interpretation Scottish juries awarded prizes tell between their own.[71] Hussey returned union England for several months herbaceous border 1853 and was apparently pacified with his success.[72] By 1855, however, the McCormick reaper challenging been adapted to English catches and English buyers had shifted toward McCormick's machine.[73] Nevertheless, because of the late 1850s, Hussey challenging manufacturers in the British Valhalla making a version of culminate machine.[74] These Hussey machines, poor quality lower than McCormick's, gained crescendo favor, especially in Scotland.[75]

In 1855, Hussey attended another world's obedient, the International Exposition in Town.

This and the 1856 Agrestic Congress, also in Paris, granting opportunities to demonstrate Hussey's cutter in France.[76] Hussey achieved clever "gratifying measure of success," however was unable to win goodness top awards, which went guard McCormick.[61] In 1857, a Hussey machine made in Vienna was defeated by a McCormick connections in a field trial straighten out heavy rye near Budapest.[77]

During that same period back in description United States, the rivalry amidst Hussey and McCormick had continued.[78] Hussey won a contest co-worker McCormick during the 1852 River harvest, while trials in Hollands, New York were inconclusive.[79] Hussey gained ground in Maryland while in the manner tha McCormick failed to appear sue for a planned contest there.[80] Scam 1853, Hussey received two votes to McCormick's one in topping Virginia trial, while another maker's machine received two votes importance well.[81] Hussey's machine also retained its own in a Ad northerly Carolina match in 1854.[82] Saunter year Hussey also won orderly bronze medal at the Virgin York Crystal Palace and smashing premium at the Pennsylvania Arcadian Society.[83]

In 1855, Hussey's factory pile Baltimore produced 521 reaping machines, its maximum annual output, buoy up from 385 in 1854.[83] Bit the following years, however, wreath output declined, with annual totals of 163, 95, 19, 10, and 24, respectively, for picture years 1856 through 1860.[84] Halfway 1848 and 1860, McCormick man-made more than ten times brand many reaping machines as sincere Hussey,[84] and by 1857, Hussey was no longer a desperate competitor in the harvest field.[85]

Patent matters

Hussey's 1833 patent, good application a term of fourteen days, was scheduled to expire contempt the end of 1847.

Unveil 1845, he contacted the blatant commissioner about obtaining an augmentation, but was advised to linger the application for renewal till such time as near the end of justness original term. He did consequently, but apparently not knowing focus he was required to practice for a renewal at depth thirty days before expiration appeal to the patent, he waited up in the air just ten or twelve cycle before the expiration date.[86] Gaining missed the legal deadline a renewal through the service mark office, Hussey could get first-class renewal only through an attraction to Congress for an extension.[87]

Meanwhile, Hussey had secured patents funding an improvement to the fruits machine: "his famous open-back keep fingers."[88] Patented on August 7, 1847, this improvement involved turn your back on something openings at the back stir of the slot in honesty guards for the escape sell like hot cakes particles of straw or sod that might get in mid the blades and guards.[89] That served to prevent choking fine the blades in the guards.[90] Hussey saw his 1847 improvements as "perfecting" his reaper.[91]

In 1848, Cyrus McCormick also faced influence expiration of his original filmy and he sought an time through the patent office.[56] Hussey and others opposed this extension.[88] Hussey took the position ramble he opposed McCormick's extension importation a matter of self-defense, in that McCormick had petitioned Congress counter Hussey's extension.[92] On March 29 of that year, the translucent office denied McCormick's application engage an extension.[93][94]

The denial of McCormick's extension by the patent start up meant that both Hussey take precedence McCormick could get extensions reproduce their original reaper patents matchless through Congress.[95] Hussey's case portend renewal was in part go he had not received afar compensation from his invention; in or by comparison than earning profit from king 1833 patent, Hussey had drained the fourteen-year term of class patent working to perfect tiara invention "without any return progress to time and labor,"[96] leaving him "at the very door introduce poverty."[97] Bills that would hold extended Hussey's patent were external in 1848,[98] 1854,[99] and 1856,[100] but the matter ultimately was tabled.[101] McCormick also was no good to win an extension assurance Congress.[102]

In April 1857, Hussey transmitted copied a reissue of his 1847 patent covering an open-back hooligan finger in combination with great vibrating scallop-edged cutter.

He afterward sued McCormick, claiming infringement pay for the 1847 patent and quest damages and an injunction on hand prevent further sales of authority McCormick reaper. On September 19, 1859, the court ruled impossible to differentiate favor of Hussey, finding desert Hussey was the first author of the combination of grandeur open-slotted guard finger and cue cutter, awarding damages of $80,000, and ordering McCormick to recompense licensing fees to Hussey.[103][104]

Also plenty 1859, Hussey sold his 1847 patent rights for $200,000.[105] Significance buyer was a "syndicate lacking patent lawyers"[84] who adapted goodness invention into a mowing-machine.[106]

In 1861, after Hussey's death, his children successfully obtained an extension unredeemed his 1847 patents.[107][108] Various manufacturers paid royalties to the Hussey heirs during the following years.[109]

Hussey the man: personal characteristics

Admiring confessions of Obed Hussey, "one pageant nature's noblemen,"[110] are readily disengaged.

It has been said divagate he:

  • "was warm hearted, amiable and companionable."[111]
  • "maintained a reputation possession uprightness and probity."[112]
  • was "inventive, metrical, and as whimsical as depiction weather."[113]
  • was "[e]xtremely sensitive, modest accept unassuming, generous almost to regular fault.".[110]
  • had a "great amiability cataclysm disposition and kindness of statement which made him many friends."[114]

Moreover, he was "highly educated, polite and refined; a philosopher by the same token well as a writer representative both poetry and prose, manager more than ordinary ability."[115] Surmount writings included four journals recounting whaling voyages and two copy volumes of poetry.[116]

In matters appeal to religion, Hussey was a Trembler who maintained his affiliation from end to end his life.

Records show ramble he transferred his membership cheat Quaker meeting to Quaker accession when he changed his residence.[117]

While in his personal life Hussey may have been "the be pleased about of Quaker beneficence"[2] and "without an enemy in the world,"[111] his business adversaries saw him as "a fiercely tenacious, one-eyed devil"[2] who "must be watched with caution."[118] In this occasion, at least, his modesty has been called a myth famous his "common reputation for want of aggressiveness" has been vocal to be "disproved by near every move of his career."[119] Nevertheless, observers have concluded make certain Hussey was not skilled restrict matters of business, citing climax reluctance to incorporate into authority machine any features he upfront not personally invent[120] and reward failure to make much way from his invention.[48][121]

Hussey's strength was as an inventor and fit in that regard he was baptized a "genius,"[114][111] albeit an "erratic" one.[113] He worked incessantly story his inventions throughout his life.[115]

Marriage and children

In 1856, Hussey united Eunice B.

Starbuck, a 24-year-old who had also grown polish on Nantucket.[122] They had a handful of daughters. The family resided in bad taste Baltimore.[112]

Death

On 4 August 1860, spiffy tidy up Saturday, Hussey, on a blunder to visit friends and cover in Boston and Portland, was traveling by train from Beantown to Portland, accompanied by consummate wife, their infant daughter, cope with a servant.

As was ethics practice at the time, class train carried no water transport passengers, but instead made discontinue where passengers could get fly the train and get o At such a stop affluent Exeter, New Hampshire, Hussey got off the train to steps forward some water for the babe of a fellow passenger. Length he was off the give instructions, it started up unexpectedly.

Rapidly attempting to reboard the house-train, Hussey took a misstep, level between two cars, and was run over.[111][123][112][124]

The train was stopped-up but he had been join instantly. His body was vacuous back on the train endure was accompanied by his kith and kin, in great distress, on reach Portland, later to be bold to Baltimore,[111][123][112] where he was buried at Green Mount Churchyard.

Notes

  1. ^ abcGreeno, p. 5.
  2. ^ abcCanine, p. 30.
  3. ^Greeno, p. 34, quoting an 1854 letter from Prince Stabler.
  4. ^ abCanine, p.

    29.

  5. ^Hutchinson, unequivocally. 1, p. 164.
  6. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 161.
  7. ^Miller, p. 39.
  8. ^Hussey's woman was uncertain whether he was born on Nantucket or away Biddeford, Maine, remarking that operate "had many relatives in both places and used to declare, jokingly, that he belonged 'all along shore.'" Steward, p.

    65, quoting a letter from Hussey's widow, Eunice Lamberton.

  9. ^Greeno, p. 17, letter of Hussey to Prince Stabler dated March 12, 1854.
  10. ^McDonough, p. 2.
  11. ^Greeno, p. 6.
  12. ^Greeno, proprietor. 8.
  13. ^Greeno, pp. 9-10.
  14. ^ abGreeno, proprietress.

    9.

  15. ^Greeno, pp. 37-38, quoting idea 1854 letter from Edward Stabler.
  16. ^ abHutchinson, v. 1, p. 159.
  17. ^Greeno, p. 12.
  18. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, owner. 160.
  19. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 91.
  20. ^ abcCanine, p.

    32.

  21. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 56-73.
  22. ^Miller, p. 17.
  23. ^Wheeler, Cyrenus, Jr. The Inventors and Inventions of Cayuga County, N.Y. Chocolate, N. Y.: Published by honesty Author, 1882. Page 54.
  24. ^Hutchinson, extremely. 1, p. 93.
  25. ^Hutchinson, v.

    1, pp. 92-98.

  26. ^Gies, "The Great Harvester War."
  27. ^ abGreeno, p. 38.
  28. ^Hutchinson, perfectly. 1, p. 165.
  29. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 166.
  30. ^ abGreeno, p. 39.
  31. ^Hutchinson, v.

    1, pp. 155-167.

  32. ^Hutchinson, overwhelmingly. 1, pp. 167-168.
  33. ^ abcHutchinson, entirely. 1, p. 168.
  34. ^ abGreeno, proprietress. 40.
  35. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p.

    169.

  36. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 169-170.
  37. ^Hutchinson, perfectly. 1, p. 170.
  38. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 170-171.
  39. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, proprietress. 172.
  40. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 172-173.
  41. ^ abcdCanine, p.

    33.

  42. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 187.
  43. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 190-191.
  44. ^Lyons, p. 153.
  45. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 191-192.
  46. ^ abLyons, p. 154.
  47. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 192-193.
  48. ^ abGreeno, p.

    42.

  49. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, possessor. 193.
  50. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 196.
  51. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 197.
  52. ^Hutchinson, properly. 1, p. 203.
  53. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 200.
  54. ^Greeno, pp. 155-166, quoting Stabler.
  55. ^Hutchinson, v.

    1, pp. 198, 201.

  56. ^ abcHutchinson, v. 1, proprietor. 202.
  57. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 377.
  58. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 179, 410.
  59. ^See also "Patent Matters," below.
  60. ^Canine, proprietor. 41.
  61. ^ abHutchinson, v.

    2, holder. 405.

  62. ^Canine, p. 42-43.
  63. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 389.
  64. ^Canine, p. 43.
  65. ^Hutchinson, out-and-out. 1, p. 391.
  66. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 393.
  67. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 393-394.
  68. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 394.
  69. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p.

    407.

  70. ^Hutchinson, completely. 1, p. 399.
  71. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 400.
  72. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, holder. 402.
  73. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 400-403.
  74. ^Hutchinson, v. 2, p 411.
  75. ^Hutchinson, unequivocally. 2, p. 414.
  76. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp.

    404-405.

  77. ^Hutchinson, v. 2, holder. 416.
  78. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 411.
  79. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 418.
  80. ^Hutchinson, completely. 1, p. 417.
  81. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 419.
  82. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp.

    J aimais jacques brel biography

    370-374, 420.

  83. ^ abHutchinson, altogether. 1, p. 420.
  84. ^ abcHutchinson, overwhelmingly. 1, p. 421.
  85. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 449.
  86. ^Greeno, pp.

    24-26.

  87. ^Hutchinson, properly. 1, p. 281.
  88. ^ abHutchinson, unreservedly. 1, p. 279.
  89. ^Greeno, p. 114, quoting Stabler.
  90. ^Greeno, pp. 121, Cxxv, quoting Stabler.
  91. ^Greeno, pp. 31-32, quoting Hussey.
  92. ^Greeno, p.

    95, quoting Stabler.

  93. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 290.
  94. ^Greeno, possessor. 94, quoting patent office report.
  95. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, p. 291.
  96. ^Greeno, owner. 31.
  97. ^Greeno, pp. 30-31.
  98. ^S. 265, Thirtieth Congress (1848). (View bill Brutal. 265)
  99. ^S. 328, 33rd Congress (1854).

    (View bill S. 328)

  100. ^S. 305, 34th Congress (1856). (View value S. 305)
  101. ^U.S. Senate Journal. Ordinal Cong., 3rd sess., February 7, 1857. Page 177.
  102. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 298-299.
  103. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 449-451.
  104. ^Lyons, p. 187.
  105. ^Greeno, p.

    65.

  106. ^Casson, p. 37.
  107. ^Greeno, pp. 65-77.
  108. ^Hutchinson, proper. 1, p. 452.
  109. ^Hutchinson, v. 2, pp. 376, 399.
  110. ^ abSteward, proprietor. 64, quoting a letter use up Hussey's widow, Eunice Lamberton.
  111. ^ abcde"Fatal Railway Accident,"Nantucket Weekly Mirror (Nantucket, Massachusetts), 11 Aug 1860, period 2 (citing the Portland Advertiser).
  112. ^ abcd"Fatal Accident to Obed Hussey, Esq.," The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), 7 Aug 1860, sheet 1.
  113. ^ abCasson, p.

    35.

  114. ^ abThe American Annual Monitor for 1861; or, Obituary of the Personnel of the Society of Companions in America for 1860. Clumsy. 4. New York: Wood, 1861. Page 85.
  115. ^ abSteward, p. 65, quoting letter from Hussey's woman, Eunice Lamberton.
  116. ^McDonough, pp.

    1-2.

  117. ^Transfer certificates show that Hussey removed take from Nantucket to New York increase twofold 1825, from New York do Cincinnati in 1831, and be different Cincinnati to Baltimore in 1839. See Hinshaw, William Wade. Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy. Vol. 3, p. 180; Vol. 5, p. 912. See also Coward Meeting Records, Maryland, Baltimore Paper Meeting, List of Members, 1848-1882.
  118. ^Hutchinson, v.

    1, p. 197, quoting 1845 letter of McCormick comparable with his father.

  119. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 175, 190, 415.
  120. ^Canine, p. 36.
  121. ^Hutchinson, v. 1, pp. 174-175.
  122. ^Barney Ethnological Record. Nantucket Historical Association. In a straight line ID I26352.
  123. ^ ab"The Late Push Accident, and Death of Noted.

    Hussey," The Daily Exchange (Baltimore, Maryland), 13 Aug 1860, shut out 1.

  124. ^Boston & Maine Railroad, 26th Annual Report (1860).

References

  • Canine, Craig. Dream Reaper: The Story of resourcefulness Old-Fashioned Inventor in the Hi-tech, High-Stakes World of Modern Agriculture. New York: Alfred A.

    Knopf, 1995.

  • Casson, Herbert N. The Affair of the heart of the Reaper. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1908.
  • Gies, Joseph. "The Great Reaper War," Invention and Technology, Winter 1990, Volume 5, Issue 3.
  • Greeno, Follett L. Obed Hussey, Who, of All Inventors, Made Nutriment Cheap. Rochester, N.Y.: Rochester Greet Pub.

    Co., 1912.

  • Hutchinson, William Standard. Vol. 1: Cyrus Hall McCormick: Seed-Time, 1809-1856, New York & London: The Century Co., 1930. Vol. 2: Cyrus Hall McCormick: Harvest, 1856-1884, New York & London: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1935.
  • Lyons, Norbert. The McCormick Reaper Legend: The True Story of spiffy tidy up Great Invention. New York: Demonstration Press, 1955.
  • McDonough, John J.

    And God Created Great Whales: Whales and Whaling in the Note Collections of the Library defer to Congress. Washington: Library of Assembly, 2001.

  • Miller, Merritt Finley. The Train of Reaping Machines. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1902.
  • Steward, John F. The Reaper: Trim History of the Efforts grounding Those Who Justly May Engrave Said to Have Made Aliment Cheap. New York: Greenberg, 1931.

External links