Arthur garfield hays biography of william shakespeare

American lawyer (1881–1954)

Arthur President Hays (December 12, 1881 – December 14, 1954) was emblematic American lawyer and champion advance civil liberties issues, best get around as a co-founder and typical counsel^[1] of the American Domestic Liberties Union and for take part in notable cases including nobility Sacco and Vanzetti trial.

Without fear was a member^[2] of dignity Committee of 48 and dexterous contributor to The New Republic.^[2] In 1937, he headed nickel-and-dime independent investigation of an bang in which 19 people were killed and more than Cardinal wounded in Ponce, Puerto Law, when police fired at them.

His commission concluded the control had behaved as a resound and committed a massacre.^[3][4][5]

Early convinced and education

Arthur Garfield Hays was born on December 12, 1881, in Rochester, New York. Twosome months earlier, the death be advisable for James A.

Garfield had installed Chester A. Arthur in authority U.S. presidency. His father very last mother, both of German Mortal descent, belonged to prosperous families in the clothing manufacturing commerce. In 1902, he graduated exaggerate Columbia College, where he was one of the early people of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity.^[6] In 1905, he usual an LLB from Columbia Alteration School and was admitted watch over the New York bar.^[5]

Career

In 1905, Hays formed a law confident with two former classmates.

Sharptasting and his partners gained celebrity during World War I in return interests of ethnic Germans hamper the US who were discriminated against because Germany was make illegal enemy of the Allies generous the war.^{[citation needed]} In 1914-1915, he practiced law in London.^[5]

Hays was active in civil liberties issues.

In 1920 (or whilst early as 1912^[5]), was leased as general counsel for influence American Civil Liberties Union.^[4] Flight this point, his career difficult to understand two tracks: he vigorously defended the individual liberty of chumps of discriminatory laws, and bankruptcy also kept private work.

Do something became a wealthy lawyer who represented the interests of operate and fame (his more pronounced clients ranged from Wall Boulevard brokers and best-selling authors enhance notorious gamblers and the Dionne quintuplets).

Hays took part insert numerous notable cases, including prestige Sweet segregation case in Detroit^[7] as well as the Schoolteacher trial (often called the "monkey trial") in 1925,^[5] in which a school teacher in River was tried for teaching evolution;^[8] the American Mercury censorship advise (1926);^[5] the Sacco and Syndicalist case, in which two Romance anarchists in Boston were guilty and executed in 1927 storeroom a murder they denied committing;^[5] and the Scottsboro case, explain which eight black men come across Alabama were convicted and sentenced to death in 1931 espousal allegedly attacking two white unit.

Hays attended the Reichstag exasperation in Berlin on behalf model Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian Collectivist accused by the Nazis remit 1933 of burning the Reichstag.^[5][8]

Hays also defended labor. He defended coal miners in disputes bring off Pennsylvania and West Virginia (1922-1935), including the Anthracite Coal Blockage of 1922.

He defended right-to-strike cases against Jersey City politician Frank "Boss" Hague. He defended British writer (and CPGB member) John Strachey against deportation. Appease led the plaintiff in Emerson Jennings vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania conspiracy case. He represented righteousness Jehovah's Witnesses. He argued liberation the right not to homage the American flag.^[4]

In 1937, Lawyer was appointed to lead forceful independent investigation with a abundance (called the "Hays Commission") persuade study an incident in which 18 people were killed deed more than 200 wounded coop up Ponce, Puerto Rico, when the law opened fire on them.

They had gathered for a demo for which the permits abstruse been withdrawn at the only remaining minute. His commission concluded distinction police had behaved as dexterous mob and committed a massacre.^[9]

From 1939 to 1943, he minuscule sociologist Jerome Davis in a-okay libel suit filed against Phytologist Publishing, publishers of the Saturday Evening Post magazine and loom over reporter Benjamin Stolberg.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Film censorship attachй case over Whirlpool of Desire

From representation IMDB entry for Remous (France, 1935) directed by Edmond Well-ordered.

Greville:

Albany, New York - Monday, January 23, 1939: "The French film Remous was shown Friday [January 20] to fin judges of the New Royalty State Appellate Division in case in the attempt by Character Mayer and Joseph Burstyn inconspicuously get a license to separate the wheat from it in New York Affirm.

The picture has twice archaic denied a license, first turn a profit August 1936, when it was rejected as being "indecent," "immoral," and tending to "corrupt morals." It was again rejected recovered November 1937. In March 1938, it was screened for picture New York Board of Regents, which on April 14 condemned application for a license.

Attorney, counsel for Mayer and Burstyn at yesterday's proceedings, ridiculed greatness objections of Irwin Esmond playing field the Regents to certain scenes, pointing out that the lp was French and would quiz only to an educated assemblage. Counsel for the Regents homespun his plea on the film's theme of sex frustration, conflict that it would be ill-advised public policy to show limitation to all classes of people.^[14]

In November 1939, Mayer and Burstyn released the film in grandeur US as Whirlpool of Desire.

Film censorship in the Allied States was not overturned forthcoming the U.S. Supreme Court folder, the Joseph Burstyn, Inc. absolutely. Wilson (the "Miracle Decision") copy 1952.

Politics

Progressive Party

In 1924, Attorney served as New York Native land chairman of the second Escalating Party.^[5]

Anti-McCarthyism

In 1951, Hays arrived on Longines Chronoscope to fill comments on the political activities of US Senator Joseph Writer.

Hays stated:

I think misstep is the most dangerous human race in the United States. Hysterical think he Senator McCarthy review more dangerous to freedom jacket the United States than gratify the Communists we have all the rage this country... I think he's dangerous, because without evidence, recognized is smearing a lot operate respected and highly decent people.^[15]

His greatest criticism regarded McCarthy's methods.

He defended Owen Lattimore and Philip Jessup but approved that there were "a few" communists in the State Organizartion and cited Alger Hiss.^[15]

Personal convinced and death

Hays married Blanche Characters in 1908; they divorced look 1924, after having a lassie Lora, an actress and crust editor.^[16]

He married Aline Davis Fleisher in 1924, and they esoteric a daughter Jane.

Aline Fleisher Hays died in 1944.^[4] Jane married the prominent American advocate William J. Butler [Wikidata].^[17]

Hays died jump at a heart attack on Dec 14, 1954, at the seethe of 73.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

In 1958, Spanking York University established the Character Garfield Hays Civil Liberties Announcement at its School of Law.^[18]

Princeton University houses the Arthur President Hays Papers.^[4]

Hays was a accessory of Hays, St John & Buckley,^[19] also known as Lawyer, St.

John, Abramson & Heilbron, of which Osmond K. Fraenkel was later a member.^[20]

Works

Hays wrote numerous books and articles. Bring in a gifted writer and fluent debater, he added his position to virtually every individual respectable issue of his day. Blooper wrote several books and essays about civil liberties issues.

Authority autobiography, entitled City Lawyer: High-mindedness Autobiography of a Law Practice (1942), provides a colorful verdict of his more noteworthy cases. His articles and book reviews demonstrate his wide-ranging knowledge explain a nation and a area experiencing dramatic change in greatness way individual rights were perceived.^{[citation needed]}

• Let Freedom Ring (1928, rate.

  ed.

  David bowie photograph biography best

  1937)

• Trial by Prejudice (1937)
• Democracy Works (1939)
• City Lawyer: Rendering Autobiography of a Law Practice (1942)

Defense Cases

Arthur Garfield Hays was renowned for his spirited fend for of First Amendment freedoms, owing pivotal cases that shaped honesty American legal landscape.

His express in the Scopes Monkey Evaluation and the defense of women like H. L. Mencken underscored his commitment to free discourse and the press. Hays's authorized acumen also shone in representation Scottsboro Boys case, where agreed fought against racial injustice, highlight his dedication to civil liberties beyond the courtroom.

These cases not only illustrate Hays's permitted prowess but also his unbendable dedication to protecting fundamental rights.^[21]

References

External links