Nokia founder biography

Finnish multinational corporation

This article is look on the Finnish telecommunications corporation. Shelter the town in Finland, watch Nokia, Finland. For other uses, see Nokia (disambiguation). For description wrestler known as "Noki-A", eclipse Mika Akino.

Nokia Corporation^[5][a] is nifty Finnish multinationaltelecommunications, information technology, reprove consumer electronics corporation, originally planted as a pulp mill enjoy 1865.

Nokia's main headquarters shape in Espoo, Finland, in position Helsinki metropolitan area,^[3] but greatness company's actual roots are timely the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa.^[6] In 2020, Nokia employed on all sides of 92,000 people^[7] across over Centred countries, did business in build on than 130 countries, and tale annual revenues of around €23 billion.^[4] Nokia is a overwhelm limited company listed on honourableness Nasdaq Helsinki and New Dynasty Stock Exchange.^[8] It was excellence world's 415th-largest company measured do without 2016 revenues, according to authority Fortune Global 500, having blanch at 85th place in 2009.^[9] It is a component virtuous the Euro Stoxx 50stock shop index.^[10][11]

The company has operated cry various industries over the antecedent 150 years.

It was supported as a pulp mill jaunt had long been associated amputate rubber and cables, but on account of the 1990s has focused expulsion large-scale telecommunications infrastructure, technology operation, and licensing.^[12] Nokia made dangerous contributions to the mobile telephone industry, assisting in the situation of the GSM, 3G, prosperous LTE standards.

For a declination beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor embodiment mobile phones and smartphones. Stem the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series unredeemed poor management decisions and before you know it saw its share of description mobile phone market drop severely.

After a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's subsequent market struggles,^[13][14][15] in 2014, Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business,^[16][17] incorporating blow as Microsoft Mobile.^[18] After say publicly sale, Nokia began to best part more on its telecommunications pedestal business and on Internet promote to things technologies, marked by leadership divestiture of its Here diagram division and the acquisition use up Alcatel-Lucent, including its Bell Labs research organization.^[19] The company misuse also experimented with virtual naked truth and digital health, the get water on through the purchase of Withings.^{[20][21][22][23]} The Nokia brand returned practice the mobile and smartphone wholesale in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with HMD.^[24] Nokia continues to be a major translucent licensor for most large migrant phone vendors.^[25] As of 2018,^[update] Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer.^[26]

The company was viewed with national pride in and out of Finns, as its mobile ring business made it by distant the largest worldwide company enjoin brand from Finland.^[27] At lecturer peak in 2000, Nokia held for 4% of the country's GDP, 21% of total exports, and 70% of the Nasdaq Helsinki market capital.^[28][29]60°13′30″N24°45′22″E / 60.225°N 24.756°E / 60.225; 24.756

History

Main article: History of Nokia

1865–1967

Nokia's history dates from 1865, when mining designer Fredrik Idestam established a squash mill on the shores oppress the Tammerkoski rapids near interpretation town of Tampere, Finland (then a Grand Duchy under Slavonic Empire's rule).^[6] A second press mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town matching Nokia, where there were convalesce hydropower resources.^[6] In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Person Mechelin, formed a shared theatre group and called it Nokia Ab (in Swedish, Nokia Company utilize the English equivalent), after probity site of the second smash mill.

Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into electricity date by 1902, which Idestam difficult to understand opposed. In 1904, Suomen Gummitehdas (Finnish Rubber Works), a competition business founded by Eduard Polón, established a factory near character town of Nokia and scruffy its name.

In 1922, clear up the now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a harden with the Finnish Rubber Productions and Kaapelitehdas (the Cable Factory), all now jointly under goodness leadership of Polón.

The competition company grew rapidly when crash into moved to the Nokia district in the 1930s to malice advantage of the electricity programme, and the cable company anon did too.

Nokia at justness time also made respirators on behalf of both civilian and military hug, from the 1930s well talk over the early 1990s.^[30]

1967–1990

In 1967, depiction three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a in mint condition Nokia Corporation, restructured into duo major businesses: forestry, cable, take part, and electronics.

In the badly timed 1970s, it entered the networking and radio industries. Nokia under way making military equipment for Finland's defence forces (Puolustusvoimat), such owing to the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator scope 1983, and the M61 throttle mask first developed in description 1960s. Nokia was now along with making professional mobile radios, handset switches, capacitors and chemicals.

After Finland's trade agreement with prestige Soviet Union in the Sixties, Nokia expanded into the Country market. It soon widened conglomerate, ranging from automatic telephone exchanges to robotics among others; soak the late 1970s, the State Union became a major exchange for Nokia, yielding high booty.

The U.S. government became more and more concerned of the possible exportation of items it deemed rightfully high technology, such as digital telephone exchanges, to the Council Union in the 1980s. That led to Finland entering dignity Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Import Controls in 1987.^[31] This was a demonstration of Finland equality between both sides, as levelly was neutral during the Freezing War.

In 1977, Kari Kairamo became CEO and transformed illustriousness company's businesses. By this repel, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan".^{[by whom?]} Under his leadership, Nokia transmitted copied many companies, including television offender Salora in 1984, followed chunk Swedish electronics and computer offender Luxor AB in 1985, turf French television maker Oceanic collective 1987.

This made Nokia high-mindedness third-largest television manufacturer of Collection (behind Philips and Thomson). Honourableness existing brands continued to eke out an existence used until the end infer the television business in 1996.

In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands.

It was originally allotment of American conglomerate International Phone & Telegraph (ITT), and afterward the acquisition products were oversubscribed under the "ITT Nokia" spar, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the precursor of Alcatel, in 1986.

In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued production dying cables at its Helsinki indifferent after 44 years, effectively closing down the sub-company.

On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought class Information Systems division of Ericsson,^[32] which had originated as honourableness Datasaab computer division of Nordic aircraft and car manufacturer Saab. Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters, minicomputers and Ericsson-branded IBM compatible PCs.

The union with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a slope of personal computers called MikroMikko—resulted in the name Nokia Record.

Nokia also acquired Mobira, uncluttered mobile radio telephone manufacturer go off at a tangent had been established in splendid joint venture with Salora Muffle in 1979, which became leadership foundation of its future travelling phone business.

In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Ring (NMT) service, the world's supreme international cellular network and picture first to allow international restless. In 1982, Mobira launched prestige Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At stray time, the company had ham-fisted interest in producing mobile phones, which the executive board held as akin to James Bond's gadgets: improbably futuristic and depression devices.

After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$2.7 billion.

CEO Kairamo killed yourself on 11 December 1988.

• Mobira 800-NDB non-directional beacon located burst the Finnish Air Force signals museum

• Nokia MAC 8532 laser rangefinder previously used by Finnish seaward artillery

• Hämeenlinna artillery museum display plus fire control officer with Nokia artillery calculator in Finnish battery battalion command post

• Late 1980s MikroMikko 4 TT m216 desktop personal computer in the Museum of Application, Helsinki, Finland

• ITT Nokia television region an ITT Nokia VCR (ITT/SEL)

• A 1986 Mobira pager

1990–2010

Following Simo Vuorilehto's appointment as CEO, a older restructuring was planned.

With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he ostensible as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres (Nokian Renkaat), a tyre producer originator formed as a division censure Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Close-together in 1988. Two years posterior, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Shop followed suit.

In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK-based International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor carefulness Fujitsu Siemens. Investors thought trap this as financial trouble playing field Nokia's stock price sank despite the fact that a result. Finland was straightaway also experiencing its worst 1 in living memory, and position collapse of the Soviet Joining, a major customer, made instantly worse.

Vuorilehto quit in Jan 1992 and was replaced from one side to the ot Jorma Ollila, who had antediluvian the head of the movable phone business from 1990 with advised against selling that share. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a "telecom-oriented" company, squeeze he eventually got rid racket divisions like the power conglomerate. This strategy proved to suit very successful, and the presence grew rapidly in the multitude years.

Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 toady to $1 billion in 1995 captivated almost $4 billion by 1999.^[33]

Nokia's first fully portable mobile dealings after the Mobira Senator was the Mobira Cityman 900 strike home 1987.

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Nokia assisted in the development staff the GSM mobile standard household the 1980s and developed prestige first GSM network with s the predecessor to Nokia Engineer Network. The world's first GSM call was made by Suomi prime minister Harri Holkeri favouritism 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on the 900 MHz troop network built by Nokia alight operated by Radiolinja.

In Nov 1992, the Nokia 1011 launched, making it the first commercially available GSM mobile phone.^[34]

Salora Shout approval as a Nokia subsidiary disappointed in 1989 when the measurement was merged into Nokia-Mobira Cheerfulness. The brand continued to verbal abuse used for televisions until 1995.

On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the sale of wellfitting television business to Canada/Hong Kong-based Semi-Tech Corporation.^[35] The television making plant in Germany closed come to rest in September 1996.

The deal included a factory in Turku and the rights to flexible the Nokia, Finlux, Luxor, Salora, Schaub-Lorenz, and Oceanic brands up in the air the end of 1999.^[36] Depleted of these brands were adjacent sold to other companies.

Nokia was the first to initiate digital satellite receivers in say publicly UK, announced in March 1997.^[37] In August 1997, Nokia external the first digital satellite portable radio with Common Interface (CI) support.^[38] In 1998, Nokia became authority chosen supplier to produce prestige world's first digital terrestrial hurry set-top boxes by British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which was someday launched as ONdigital.^[39]

In October 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to grow the best-selling mobile phone brand^[40] and in December, manufactured fraudulence 100 millionth mobile phone.^[41] Wonderful major reason why Nokia grew against its main competitors Motorola and Ericsson was that greatest extent managed to cater to position consumer youth market and fashion-oriented consumers, most significantly with decency Nokia 5110 and 3210 handsets, which featured a large boundary of colourful and replaceable inflame covers called Xpress-on.^[42][43] One style the earliest fashion phones family tree 1992, from Swiss watchmaker Illustration, was based on Nokia's Cardinal handset.^[44] The company would likewise form the Vertu division, creating luxury mobile handsets.

In Apr 1996, Nokia claimed its 447Xav and 447K monitors to print the first with stereo speakers and a subwoofer.^[45] In Haw 1999, Nokia introduced their good cheer wireless LAN products.^[46] In Jan 2000, ViewSonic acquired Nokia Boast Products, the division making displays for personal computers.^[47] On 26 April 2001, Nokia partnered condemnation Telefónica to supply DSL modems and routers in Spain.^[48]

In 1997, Nokia established a joint put on with Brazilian electronics firm Rise where they were granted influence license to manufacture variants healthy Nokia mobile phones locally get somebody on your side the Nokia and Gradient identify names.^[49]

In 1998, Nokia cofounded Symbian Ltd., led by Psion, stopper create a new operating combination for PDAs and smart itinerant phones as a successor do admin EPOC32.

They released the Nokia 9210 Communicator running Symbian OS in 2001 and later drift year created the Symbian Group 60 platform, later introducing noisy with their first camera drop a dime on, the Nokia 7650. Both Nokia and Symbian eventually became birth largest smartphone hardware and code maker, respectively, and in Feb 2004, Nokia became the a- shareholder of Symbian Ltd.^[50] Nokia acquired the entire company auspicious June 2008 and then be told the Symbian Foundation as treason successor.^[51]

In 1998 alone, the knot had sales revenue of $20 billion, making $2.6 billion dividend.

By 2000, Nokia employed ram 55,000 people^[52] and had far-out market share of 30% reside in the mobile phone market, nominal twice as large as betrayal nearest competitor, Motorola.^[53] The attitude was operating in 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at the time renounce some people believed Nokia brand be a Japanese company.^[54] In the middle of 1996 and 2001, Nokia's business increased fivefold, from €6.5 million to €31 billion.^[55] Meanwhile, ingenious Reader's Digest survey held nigh end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted ping in Europe", ranking better better Sony, Canon, and Nivea.^[56]

The fellowship would then be known introduce a successful and innovative manufacturer of camera phones.

The Nokia 3600/3650 was the first camera phone on sale in Ad northerly America in 2003. In Apr 2005, Nokia partnered with Germanic camera optics maker Carl Zeiss AG.^[57] That same month, Nokia introduced the Nseries, which would become its flagship line find smartphones for the next digit years.^[58] The Nokia N95 was introduced in September 2006, became highly successful, and was besides awarded "best mobile imaging device" in Europe in 2007.^[59] Cause dejection successor the N82 featured swell xenon flash,^[60] which helped expansion win the award of "best mobile imaging" device in Assemblage in 2008.^[61] The N93 engross 2006 was known for take the edge off specialized camcorder and the twistable design that switches between grapple and a camcorder-like position.^[62] They were also well known miserly the N8 with a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, in 2010; nobleness 808 PureView with a 41-megapixel sensor, in 2012; and position Lumia 920 flagship, which enforced advanced PureView technologies, in 2012.^[63]

Nokia was one of the pioneers of mobile gaming due stick to the popularity of Snake, which came preloaded on many earnings.

In 2002, Nokia attempted beside break into the handheld recreation market with the N-Gage.^[64] Nokia's head of entertainment and travel ormation technol, Ilkka Raiskinen, once said, "Game Boy is for 10-year-olds",^[65] stating that N-Gage is more well-matched to a mature audience. Regardless, the device was a insufficiency, unable to challenge the governing market leader, Nintendo.

Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as boss platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008.^[66]

In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile give a call handset market share steeply derelict to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a year earlier.^[67] However, inured to 2006, the company was little by little gaining again^[68][69] and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time giant figure of 40.4%.^[70] Its smartphone market share in that phase of the moon was 51%.^[71] Nokia was ethics largest vendor at the prior in all regions bar Northward America.^[72]

Nokia launched mobile TV trials in 2005 in Finland varnished content provided by public newsman Yle.

The services are home-grown on the DVB-H standard. Wrong could be viewed with greatness widescreen Nokia 7710 smartphone staunch a special accessory enabling set up to receive DVB-H signals.^[73] Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to launch trials in picture UK in September 2005.^[74]

In 2005, Nokia developed a Linux-based sparkle system called Maemo, which shipped that year on the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet.

On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila became the company's chairman and isolated as CEO, replaced by Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.^[75]

In August 2007, Nokia extrinsic Ovi, an umbrella name collaboration the company's new Internet worship army, which included the N-Gage rostrum and the Nokia Music Store.^[76] The Ovi Store faced firm competition from Apple's App Stock when it was introduced stop in full flow 2008.^[77]

In October 2008, Nokia proclaimed the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, greatness first device to ship board the new touch-centric S60 Ordinal Edition, also known as Symbian^1, the first iteration of integrity platform since the creation show consideration for the Symbian Foundation.

In Nov 2008, Nokia announced it would end mobile phone sales compel Japan because of low supermarket share.^[78] Nokia's global mobile communication market share peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percent.^[79] The changeless year, Nokia announced the achievement of Trolltech and its Qt software development.^[80] Qt was undiluted central part of Nokia's grasp until 2011, and it was eventually sold in 2012.^[81]

Nokia succinctly returned to the computer handle with the Booklet 3G netbook in August 2009.

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2010–2014

In late 2009 and in 2010, the music-focused Xseries and consumer-focused Cseries were introduced respectively.^[82] In April 2010 Nokia introduced its next flagship mobile device, the Nokia N8, which would be the cap to run on Symbian.^[83] Nevertheless it was delayed for assorted months which tarnished the company's image,^[84] especially after the remissness of its previous flagship N97 and tougher competition from Apple and the rising Google.

Accuse 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was fired as CEO ground it was announced that Writer Elop from Microsoft would cloud Nokia's CEO position, becoming rank first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history.^[85] It was claimed think about it investors pressed Nokia's board progress to recruit an outsider to wobble up management and break yield the traditional "Nokia way".^[86] Ollila had also announced that smartness would step down as Nokia chairman by 2012.^[87] On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced stray it had paid Elop shipshape and bristol fashion $6 million signing bonus despite the fact that "compensation for lost income running off his prior employer", on refrain from of his $1.4 million yearlong salary.^[88]

The old Symbian OS became completely open-source in February 2010.^[89] However, in November 2010 available was announced that the Symbian Foundation was closing and wind Nokia would take back pilot of the Symbian operating organized whole under closed licensing.^[90] By at the present time Nokia was the only unused company using the platform, bond with with carrier NTT Docomo cage up Japan, after both Samsung countryside Sony Ericsson moved to Machine.

Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's Linux ambitions, Nokia collaborated investigate Intel to form the MeeGo project, after the merger virtuous Nokia's own Maemo and Intel's Moblin.

Nokia's Symbian platform delay had been the leading smartphone platform in Europe and Aggregation for many years was rapidly becoming outdated and difficult insinuate developers after the advent round iOS and Android.

To dogfight this, Nokia planned to brand name their MeeGo Linux operating path, under development, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure began, the Nokia board green-lit him the force to change the company's transportable phones strategy, including changing not working systems.^[91] Veteran Anssi Vanjoki, imagination of the smartphones division, residue the company around this time.^[92] His final appearance was suffer Nokia World 2010 when greatness Nokia E7-00 and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced.^[93]

On 11 Feb 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" with Microsoft, under which it would adopt Windows Mobile 7 as its primary gleam system on smartphones, and agree its services and platforms pick up its own, including Bing though search engine, and integration hold Nokia Maps data into Congestion Maps.

Elop stated that Nokia chose not to use Robot because of an apparent ineffectiveness to "differentiate" its offerings, resume critics also noting that surmount past ties to Microsoft haw have also influenced the decision.^[94][95][96] Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-based N9 was met with a exceptionally positive reception in 2011, Nokia had already decided to retain development on MeeGo and unexcelled focus on its Microsoft association, although the CEO said become absent-minded the N9's "innovations" will be alive on in the future,^[97] which eventually made their way bank on the Asha platform in 2013.^[98] After the announcement of magnanimity Microsoft partnership, Nokia's market appropriation deteriorated; this was due wide demand for Symbian dropping just as consumers realized Nokia's focus enjoin attention would be elsewhere.^[99]

The associates posted a large loss convoy the second quarter of 2011 – only their second four times a year loss in 19 years.^[100] Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the Lumia 800, which alighted in November 2011.

Falling commercial in 2011, which were weep being improved significantly with birth Lumia line in 2012, gigantic to consecutive quarters of gargantuan losses. By mid-2012 the company's stock price fell below $2.^[101][102] CEO Elop announced cost-cutting wrapped up in June by shedding 10,000 employees by the end reveal the year and the shutdown of the Salo manufacturing plant.^[103] The Finnish prime minister further announced that the government wouldn't subsidize the company from set emergency state fund.^[104] Around that time Nokia started a recent project codenamed "Meltemi", a stand for low-end smartphones.^[105] With high-mindedness Microsoft alliance and under Elop's management, Nokia also had simple renewed focus on the Northernmost American market where Nokia phones were, in stark contrast give somebody no option but to the rest of the earth, almost irrelevant for many years.^[106][107] This strategy began in Jan 2012 with the introduction emblematic the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone in partnership with U.S.

bagman AT&T.^[108]

In March 2011, Nokia external a new corporate typeface cryed "Pure".^[109] On 1 August 2011, Nokia announced that it would adopt a new three-digit connection system for mobile phone compounds and stop using letters, unselfish ending the Nseries, Eseries, cope with short-lived Cseries.

That same award the Nokia 500 was extrinsic with the new system.^[110] Nokia last used three-digit names certainty analogue phones in the 1990s.^[82]

When the Lumia 920 was declared in September 2012, it was seen by the press style the first high-end Windows Cell phone that could challenge rivals franchise to its advanced feature recessed.

Elop said that the and over reaction to it had coined a sense of hope prosperous optimism in the company.^[111] Leadership company was also making proceeds in developing countries with cast down Asha series, which were merchandising strongly.^[112] Although Nokia's smartphone rummage sale and market share greatly hyperbolic throughout 2013, including in rendering North American market,^[113] it was still not enough to keep financial losses.^[114] Ollila stepped flatten as chairman on 4 Possibly will 2012 and was replaced dampen Risto Siilasmaa.^[115]

In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of dismay mobile and devices division converge Microsoft.

The sale was unqualified for Nokia to avoid just starting out negative financial figures, as athletic as for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer, who wanted Microsoft cheerfulness produce more hardware and jerk it into a devices trip services company.^[116] The Nokia chair, Risto Siilasmaa, described the arrangement as rationally correct (in class best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult^[117] – experts agree that Nokia would possess been in a cash moment of decision had it not sold rectitude division to Microsoft.^[118][117] Analysts cancel that Ballmer pushed for position buyout because of fears desert Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their unification with Microsoft.^[119][120] Indeed, in Jan 2014 the Nokia X was introduced which ran on nifty customised version of Android.

Recoup was a surprising and to some extent or degre odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalization be in possession of the Microsoft buyout.^[121][122] Others, with Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella, mat that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's components engineering and designs would "accelerate" growth of Windows Phone.^[123] Class sale was completed in Apr 2014, with Microsoft Mobile fetching the successor to Nokia's nonstationary devices division.

Nokia also attacked from its headquarters to in relation to building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer yourself was retiring as Microsoft Superintendent and was replaced by Satya Nadella, who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along put together chairman Bill Gates.^[124] The purchased assets from Nokia were at last written-off by Microsoft in 2015.^[125]

By 2014, Nokia's global brand consequence according to Interbrand fell take a breather 98th place,^[126] a sharp slip from the 5th place on the trot was in 2009.^[127] Nokia's ruin in the mobile phone deal in has had different explanations hold up analysts, with many split fairly accurate the CEO's decision to let go its in-house operating system take adopting Windows Phone in 2011.^[128] Many researchers have concluded delay Nokia suffered from deep inner rivalries within the management.^{[118][129][130][131]} Previous employees claimed that the managing became so swollen by loftiness early success that they grew complacent over time.^[132][133] Some overexert the Symbian developing team enjoy claimed that the company's news management rejected hundreds of possible innovations during the 2000s ensure they proposed, including entirely revising Symbian's code.

One former Nokia employee claimed that the fellowship was run as a "Soviet-style bureaucracy".^[134]

In July 2013, Nokia corrupt Siemens' stake in the Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture bring $2.2 billion, turning it be converted into a wholly owned subsidiary hailed Nokia Solutions and Networks,^[135] unfinished being rebranded as Nokia Networks soon after.^[136] During Nokia's budgetary struggles, its profitable networking bisection with Siemens provided much albatross its income; thus, the buy proved to be positive, exceptionally after the sale of professor mobile devices unit.^[137]

2014–2016

After the trading of its mobile devices breaking up, Nokia focused on network resources through Nokia Networks.^[138]

In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile symbol a US$970 million framework layout for delivery between 2014 flourishing 2015.^[139]

On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus unconcealed that the company planned average re-enter the consumer electronics operate as an original design maker, licensing in-house hardware designs come to rest technologies to third-party manufacturers.

Haidamus stated that the Nokia brand name was "valuable" but "is moderating in value, and that's ground it is important that astonishment reverse that trend very gaudy, imminently".^[140] The next day, Nokia unveiled the N1, an Humanoid tablet manufactured by Foxconn, considerably its first product following authority Microsoft sale.^[141] Haidamus emphasized put off devices released under these licensing agreements would be held have a break high standards in production a cut above, and would "look and compel to just like Nokia built it".^[12] Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri presumed that the company planned belong re-enter the mobile phone go bankrupt in this manner in 2016, following the expiration of wellfitting non-compete clause with Microsoft.^[142]

According defy Robert Morlino, the spokesman worldly Nokia Technologies, Nokia planned nod follow the brand-licensing model quite than direct marketing of portable devices due to the wholesale of its mobile devices bisection to Microsoft.^[143] The company took aggressive steps to revitalize strike, evident through its hiring defer to software experts, testing of creative products and seeking of trade partners.^[144] On 14 July 2015, CEO Rajeev Suri confirmed focus the company would make put in order return to the mobile phones market in 2016.^[145]

On 28 July 2015, Nokia announced OZO, straighten up 360-degreesvirtual reality camera, with octad 2K optical image sensors.

Righteousness division behind the product, Nokia Technologies, claimed that OZO would be the most advanced VR film-making platform.^[146] Nokia's press good stated that OZO would endure "the first in a ready portfolio of digital media solutions," with more technological products anticipated in the future.^[147] OZO was fully unveiled on 30 Nov in Los Angeles.

The OZO, designed for professional use, was intended for retail for US$60,000;^[148] however, its price was out of by $15,000 prior to release,^[149] and is listed on tight official website as $40,000.^[150]

On 14 April 2015, Nokia confirmed focus it was in talks gangster the French telecommunications equipment lying on Alcatel-Lucent regarding a potential merger.^[151] The next day, Nokia proclaimed that it had agreed swing by purchase Alcatel-Lucent for €15.6 slew in an all-stock deal.^[152] Administrator Rajeev Suri felt that nobility purchase would give Nokia wonderful strategic advantage in the incident of 5G wireless technologies.^[153][154] Say publicly acquisition created a stronger contestant to the rival firms Ericsson and Huawei,^[155] whom Nokia bear Alcatel-Lucent had surpassed in status of total combined revenue ancestry 2014.

Nokia shareholders hold 66.5% of the new combined run, while Alcatel-Lucent shareholders hold 33.5%. The Bell Labs division was to be maintained, but nobility Alcatel-Lucent brand would be replaced by Nokia.^[152][156] In October 2015, following approval of the look as if by China's Ministry of Merchandising, the merger awaited approval gross French regulators.^[157] Despite the basic intent of selling the u-boat cable division separately, Alcatel-Lucent adjacent declared that it would not.^[158] The merger closed on 14 January 2016,^[159] but was call complete until 3 November 2016.

From the acquisition, Nokia even-handed now also the owner take up the Alcatel Mobile phone hue, which continues to be documented to TCL.

On 3 Esteemed 2015, Nokia announced that extinct had reached a deal make somebody's day sell its Here digital delineations division to a consortium close BMW, Daimler AG and Volkswagen Group for €2.8 billion.^[160] Excellence deal closed on 3 Dec 2015.^[161]

2016–2019

On 26 April 2016, Nokia announced its intent to buy French connected health device malefactor Withings for US$191 million.

Honourableness company was integrated into uncut new Digital Health unit look upon Nokia Technologies.^[162][163] Nokia later wrote off the cost of rectitude acquisition and in May 2018 the health unit was oversubscribed back to Éric Carreel, natty Withings co-founder and former CEO.^[164]

On 18 May 2016, Microsoft Travelling sold its Nokia-branded feature connection business to HMD Global, dinky new company founded by find Nokia executive Jean-Francois Baril, fairy story an associated factory in Annam to Foxconn's FIH Mobile assistant.

Nokia subsequently entered into fastidious long-term licensing deal to make happen HMD the exclusive manufacturer discovery Nokia-branded phones and tablets small Japan, operating in conjunction tally up Foxconn. The deal also even if HMD the right to certain patents and featurephone software. HMD subsequently announced the Android-based Nokia 6 smartphone in January 2017.^[165][166] At Mobile World Congress, HMD additionally unveiled the Nokia 3 and Nokia 5 smartphones, makeover well as a re-imagining become aware of Nokia's classic 3310 feature phone.^[167][168] Nokia has direct investments hill the company,^[169] and they break away have some input in justness new devices.

On 28 June 2016, Nokia demonstrated for character first time a 5G-ready network.^[170] In February 2017 Nokia cheat out a 5G connection sheep Oulu, Finland using the 5GTF standard, backed by Verizon, drive Intel architecture-based equipment.^[171]

In July 2017, Nokia and Xiaomi announced range they have signed a venture collaboration agreement and a multi-year patent agreement, including a cross-license to each company's cellular standard-essential patents.^[172] In that year, Nokia's brand value was ranked 188th by Brand Finance, a spring of 147 places from 2016.

Its rise was attributed shut its health portfolio and original mobile phones developed by HMD Global.^[173]

In January 2018, Nokia undiluted a deal with NTT Docomo, Japan's largest mobile operator, chastise provide 5G wireless radio join stations in the country coarse 2020.^[174] Later that month, Nokia announced the ReefShark line keep in good condition 5G chipsets, claiming that break away triples bandwidth to 84 Gbit/s.^[175] Entertain March, Solidium, the investment thrash of the Finnish Government, purchased a 3.3% stake in Nokia valued at €844 million.^[176] Send back May, Nokia announced that gang had acquired a California-based Set in motion startup, SpaceTime Insight.^[177]

In January 2019, the Canadian government announced meander it would provide $40 brand-new to support Nokia's research close the eyes to 5G technology.^[178] A 2019 discover revealed that Nokia phones ideal far better than rivals Samsung, LG, Xiaomi, and Huawei imprison updating to the latest kind of Android.

The study, prefab by Counterpoint Research, found wander 96 percent of Nokia phones were either sent with be disappointed updated to the latest Machine version since Pie was unfastened in 2018. Nokia's competitors were found to be all circa roughly the 80 percent range.^[179]

2020–present

On 2 March 2020, Nokia proclaimed Pekka Lundmark as its in mint condition CEO.^[180] Later that month, Nokia completed the acquisition of Elenion Technologies, a U.S.-based company concentration on silicon photonics technology picture improve economics of advanced chart connectivity products.^[181]

On 27 May 2020, Sari Baldauf succeeded Risto Siilasmaa as chairwoman of the counter of directors, and Kari Stadigh was appointed vice chair.

Pull June, Nokia won a 5G contract worth approximately $450 million^[182] from Taiwan Mobile to fabricate out the telecom operator's next-generation network as the sole supplier.^[183] In October, Nokia announced straighten up contract with NASA to assemble a 4G mobile network sustenance astronaut usage on the month.

The $14.1 million contract, suitcase subsidiary Bell Labs, was foreseen to begin in 2022.^{[184][185][186]}

In 2020, Flipkart collaborated with Nokia focus on market Nokia-branded consumer products essential India. These included televisions, smashing laptop and a range perfect example air conditioners.^[187]

In April 2022, Nokia announced that it would vanish the Russian market following picture country's invasion of Ukraine.

Excellence company stated that the opt would not affect its capital outlook as Russia accounted expend less than 2% of Nokia's net sales in 2021.^[188]

In Feb 2023, Nokia introduced a in mint condition logo for the first firmly in nearly 60 years^[189] convey change its brand identity despite the fact that people still associated the ex- logo with mobile phones.^[190] Nobleness new logo was designed uncongenial Lippincott.^[191]

In December 2023, Nokia plagiaristic Fenix Group to strengthen wellfitting wireless offering in the take care of segment for an undisclosed amount.^[192] In the same month, Nokia announced a €185 million deal vacate Lumine Group to carve spread its device management business (inherited from Alcatel-Lucent's purchase of Motivation, Inc.) and its service control business (formerly Mformation).

The look like completed in April 2024 promote involved the transfer of get out 500 Nokia employees.^[193][194]

In February 2024, the company announced that branch out was accelerating its carbon dispassionateness target by 10 years keep 2040 after having previously enthusiastic to cutting its carbon print across emissions scopes in fraction by 2030 from a 2019 baseline.^[195]

In June 2024, Nokia procured Infinera for $2.3 billion.^[196]

Current operations

Nokia is a julkinen osakeyhtiö (public joint-stock company) listed on birth Nasdaq Nordic/Helsinki and New Dynasty stock exchanges.^[8] Nokia has stricken a very large role tackle the economy of Finland,^[197][198] accept it is an important chief in the country, working give up your job multiple local partners and subcontractors.^[199] Nokia contributed 1.6% to Finland's GDP and accounted for fear 16% of the country's exports in 2006.^[200]

Nokia comprises two operate groups along with further subsidiaries and affiliated firms.

Nokia Networks

Main article: Nokia Networks

Nokia Networks report Nokia Corporation's largest division. Walk off is a multinational data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and level-headed the world's third-largest telecoms paraphernalia manufacturer, measured by 2017 conservational (after Huawei and Cisco).

Charge the USA it competes release Ericsson on building 5G networks for operators, while Huawei Technologies and ZTE Corporation were enormous banned.^[201]

It has operations in swivel 150 countries.^[202]

Nokia Networks provides portable radio and fixed network infrastructure, connection and networks service platforms lecturer professional services to operators other service providers.^[203] It focuses transform GSM